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When Social Security was launched back in 1935 it was typical for women to remain inside home to raise the family. In the majority of families the husband was the major earner or the only earner in the household. In addition, women statistically survive longer than men, particularly if the wife is younger than the husband.

The coincidence of lower or no earnings and a longer life span implied many women noticed themselves in poverty at the time their husbands expired, as their husband's Social Security retirement benefits ended at their death. The Social Security Board realized the problems that women face and have employed several adjustments to the system over the years to account for these needs.

One important amendments to the Social Security plan was to enable women to apply for benefits at 62 instead of waiting until 65 under the theory that they were younger than their spouses and that they would want to retire simultaneously.

Then in 1939 two new categories of benefits were included: Social Security survivor benefits and dependent benefits (to be paid to the spouse and minor kids of retired employees).

These changes changed Social Security from a retirement plan that only paid benefits to retired workers into a family-based system, where spouses and children could receive benefits of retired, disabled or departed workers. This was an enormous help to women who were not eligible for retirement benefits on their own, or who had much smaller benefits than their spouses.

Today, even though it's not strange for women to earn as much or more than their spouses, they still may take time off to look after families, and they still typically live longer than their spouses. Moreover, the number of divorced women attaining retirement age is greater than before. As a result of of this, a lot of women still get Social Security spousal benefits or survivor benefits instead of benefits depending on their own job period.

This is why it's important for women - regardless of their relationship status is - to understand the spousal and survivor benefits open to them in addition to the retirement benefits so they can enjoy the optimum benefits they are eligible to.

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